|
The Alameda de Hércules (Hercules mall), or simply La Alameda, is a garden square or mall in Seville, southern Spain. Built in 1574, it was originally a promenaded public garden, named after the eight rows of white poplars trees (''álamos'' in Spanish) that fill its central part. Located in the north half of the city's historic center, between the Guadalquivir River and the Macarena neighbourhood, it was the oldest public garden in Spain and Europe.〔Albardonedo Freire, Antonio José, ''El urbanismo de Sevilla durante el reinado de Felipe II''. Sevilla : Guadalquivir, 2002, ISBN 84-8093-115-9, pp. 191-208〕 == History == Before its urban transformation, the Alameda square was a fragment of the easternmost branch of the Guadalquivir River. It crossed the city center via ''Alameda'' towards ''Plaza Nueva'', eventually ending in the ''El Arenal'' neighbourhood. After it was cut off by a dam in 1383, the river basin turned into a swampy pond fed by the aquifer and frequent rises of the river.〔Guillermo Vázquez Consuegra, ''Guía de arquitectura de Sevilla''. Junta de Andalucía, Consejería de Obras Públicas y Transportes ISBN 84-87001-94-7〕 In 1574, the Count of Barajas further drained the water, building irrigation channels and fountains, and planting lines of river trees (white poplars). Four columns were placed to mark off a promenade through the trees. In the beginning it was planned to take four columns from the remains of the Roman temple of ''Mármoles'' street, believed to be dedicated to Hercules. However, when moving the third column it fell apart, leaving the work temporarily unfinished. Consequently, the two columns at the southern end of the square are from the original Roman temple, whereas the northern columns are modern reproductions. As the culmination of this project, two sculptures were placed atop the two southern columns: Hercules (mythological founder of Seville) and Julius Caesar (referred to as the restorer of the city during Roman rule). In the second half of the eighteenth century, two additional statues of lions with shields, representing Seville and Spain, were placed on the northern columns. In the late 19th century, the Alameda was a meeting place of the upper-classes, with many elegant theaters and kiosks. However, after the Civil War,〔http://www.diariodesevilla.es/article/sevilla/108024/aquella/alameda/hercules.html〕 the Alameda began to suffer a progressive deterioration, and became one of the poorest neighbourhoods of Seville, troubled by prostitution and drugs. According to data from 1989, the area housed up to 35 brothels.〔http://www.elpais.com/articulo/sociedad/ANDALUCiA/mitad/prostitutas/toxicomanas/Sevilla/portadoras/virus/SIDA/elpepisoc/19890108elpepisoc_6/Tes/〕 A slow recovery began during the early 21st century, then public redevelopment funded by the city council totally renewed ''La Alameda'' in 2006-2008. Road traffic was limited, and a number of kiosks, benches and fountains installed. The promenade was also restored with the planting of many white poplars and European hackberry trees.〔http://www.diariodesevilla.es/article/sevilla/308498/la/alameda/se/estrena/sin/rematar.html〕 ''La Alameda'' is now one of the main nightlife centers of Seville. Despite flood-control infrastructure built in the earlier transformation of the square during the 16th and 17th centuries, ''La Alameda'' remained as one of the most floodable areas of the city until the second half of the 20th century. Accordingly, during the Great Plague of 1649 it was reported that the Alameda was so flooded that people crossed the square on boats.〔Antonio Domínguez Ortiz, ''Los extranjeros en la vida española durante el siglo XVII y otros artículos''. Diputación de Sevilla ISBN 84-88603-24-X〕 Recently engineered changes in the river-channel system of the Guadalquivir river, as well as the installation of a huge underground cistern to retain stormwater, have improved drainage and prevented new flooding events in the area. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「La Alameda, Seville」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|